TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin
A1  - MILLARES-SIPIN, CATHERINE A.
A1  - ALAFRIS, ANTONIA
A1  - COHEN, HENRY
A2  - Cohen, Henry
PY  - 2015
T2  - Casebook in Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Drug Dosing
AB  - Phenytoin  (5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione,  referred  to  as  diphenylhydantoin)  is  an  anticonvulsant  medication  that  was  first  discovered  in  1908  by  Heinrich  Biltz  at  the  University  of  Kiel  in  Germany.  In  the  1920s,  Arthur  Dox,  a  chemist  in  Parke-Davis,  compounded  diphenylhydantoin  in  search  of  a  hypnotic  agent.  Because  the  drug  was  not  a  hypnotic,  he  shelved  it  as  “inactive.”  It  was  not  until  November  1936  that  Tracy  Putnam  discovered  the  anticonvulsant  activity  of  diphenylhydantoin,  and  in  June  1938,  Parke,  Davis,  and  Company  marketed  sodium  diphenylhydantoin  (Dilantin®).  In  the  1970s,  the  generic  name  of  Dilantin®  was  shortened  to  phenytoin.1  Today,  it  is  FDA-approved  for  the  management  of  generalized  tonic  clonic  (grand  mal)  seizures,  complex  partial  seizures,  and  for  the  prevention  of  seizures  after  head  trauma  and  neurosurgery.2  Phenytoin  also  has  multiple  unlabeled  indications  including  the  management  of  trigeminal  neuralgia,  syndrome  of  inappropriate  antidiuretic  hormone  (SIADH),  torsade  de  pointes,  and  arrhythmias  (as  a  Class  IB  antiarrhythmic).  Topical  phenytoin  has  also  been  used  to  heal  multiple  acute  and  chronic  wounds.3  As  an  anticonvulsant,  phenytoin  works  by  increasing  the  efflux  and  decreasing  the  influx  of  sodium  ions  in  cell  membranes  of  the  motor  cortex  during  the  generation  of  nerve  impulses.2  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/20
UR  - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1112258779
ER  -