TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Asthma
A1  - Brown, Wendy
A2  - Sutton, S. Scott
Y1  - 2019
N1  - 
T2  - McGraw-Hill's NAPLEX® Review Guide, 3e
AB  - The  characteristics  of  asthma  are  airway  inflammation  and  bronchial  hyper-responsiveness  which  cause  variable  degree  of  airflow  obstruction.  In  the  asthmatic  response,  a  genetically  predisposed  or  atopic  individual  is  exposed  to  a  specific  reactive  stimuli  or  trigger.  Common  asthma  triggers  include  mold,  pollen,  animal  dander,  and  dust  mites.  Minutes  after  repeated  exposure,  the  immediate  asthmatic  response  occurs  causing  bronchoconstriction  which  resolves  spontaneously  or  easily  by  β2-agonist  use.  Within  4  to  12  hours  after  the  immediate  asthmatic  response,  the  late  asthmatic  response,  caused  by  influx  of  inflammatory  cells  primarily  eosinophils,  Th2  lymphocytes,  mast  cells,  macrophages,  and  mediators  such  as  leukotrienes,  histamine,  and  prostaglandin  infiltrate  the  airway.  The  reaction  is  often  severe  and  prolonged  and  is  referred  to  as  an  asthma  exacerbation.  This  chronic  inflammation  is  postulated  to  cause  hypertrophy  and  hyperplasia  of  the  bronchial  smooth  muscle  and  mucus  glands  which  may  lead  to  permanent,  irreversible  obstruction  termed  airway  remodeling.  The  combination  of  airway  obstruction  and  inflammation  leads  to  the  common  symptoms  of  asthma  which  are  cough  (especially  one  that  wakes  the  patient  at  night),  wheezing,  chest  tightness,  and  dyspnea.  In  the  pediatric  population,  males  are  twice  as  likely  to  be  diagnosed  with  asthma,  however,  this  ratio  equals  between  males  and  females  in  adulthood.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/24
UR  - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158315692
ER  -