RT Book, Section
A1 King, Michael W.
SR Print(0)
ID 1122103399
T1 Carbohydrates: Glycolysis and Glucose Homeostasis
T2 Integrative Medical Biochemistry Examination and Board Review
YR 2014
FD 2014
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071786126
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1122103399
RD 2024/04/24
AB High-Yield  TermsHexokinase/Glucokinase:  glucose  phosphorylating  enzymes,  differential  tissue  expression  and  regulatory  properties,  humans  express  4  distinct  hexokinase/glucokinase  genesPFK1:  6-phosphofructo-1-kinase,  major  rate-limiting  enzyme  of  glycolysisPFK2:  bifunctional  enzyme  that  is  responsible  for  the  synthesis  of  the  major  allosteric  regulator  of  glycolysis  via  PFK1  and  gluconeogenesis  via  fructose-1,6-bisphophatase  (F-1,6-BPase)Pyruvate  kinase:  multiple  forms  with  tissue-specific  distribution  and  regulationPKM2:  isoform  of  pyruvate  kinase  expressed  in  proliferating  and  cancer  cells,  participates  in  the  Warburg  effectSubstrate-level  phosphorylation:  refers  to  the  formation  of  ATP  via  the  release  of  energy  from  a  catabolic  substrate  as  opposed  to  via  oxidative  phosphorylationGlucose-fatty  acid  cycle:  describes  the  interrelationship  between  how  fatty  acid  metabolism  results  in  inhibition  of  glucose  metabolism  and  vice  versaIntestinal  glucose  homeostasis:  in  addition  to  regulating  glucose  uptake  from  the  diet  and  delivery  to  the  blood,  in  times  of  fasting  or  compromised  liver  function,  the  small  intestine  provides  up  to  20%  of  blood  glucose  via  gluconeogenesis  using  glutamine  and  glycerol  as  substratesRenal  glucose  homeostasis:  kidneys  regulate  circulating  glucose  levels  through  efficient  resorption  of  plasma  glucose  as  well  as  by  being  able  to  carry  out  gluconeogenesis  using  glutamine  as  a  carbon  source