RT Book, Section
A1 Moranville, Michael P.
A1 Rodgers, Jo Ellen
A2 Sutton, S. Scott
SR Print(0)
ID 7250076
T1 Chapter 2. Chronic Heart Failure
T2 McGraw-Hill's NAPLEX® Review Guide
YR 2011
FD 2011
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-175562-7
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7250076
RD 2024/04/25
AB Heart  failure  (HF)  is  a  syndrome  of  reduced  cardiac  output  (CO)  compromising  the  metabolic  needs  of  bodily  organs  and  tissues.  Heart  failure  may  result  from  dilation  of  the  left  ventricle  and  a  subsequent  reduction  in  left  ventricular  function  (dilated  cardiomyopathy  or  systolic  dysfunction).  Alternatively,  HF  may  result  from  hypertrophy  and  subsequent  underfilling  of  the  left  ventricle  (hypertrophic  cardiomyopathy,  diastolic  dysfunction,  or  HF  with  preserved  ejection  fraction).  Progressive  HF  often  severely  limits  exercise  capacity,  and  mortality  is  most  commonly  associated  with  sudden  cardiac  death  (SCD)  or  pump  failure.  Chronic  HF  may  be  managed  with  lifestyle  modifications,  medications,  and  implantable  devices  to  delay  progression  and  reduce  mortality.  Medical  management  aims  at  disrupting  the  neurohormonal  pathways  that  are  associated  with  the  disease.  Key  targets  include  the  sympathetic  nervous  system  (SNS)  and  the  renin  angiotensin  aldosterone  (RAA)  system.1,2