RT Book, Section
A1 Tomasello, Sarah R.
A2 Sutton, S. Scott
SR Print(0)
ID 7253140
T1 Chapter 36. Acute Kidney Injury
T2 McGraw-Hill's NAPLEX® Review Guide
YR 2011
FD 2011
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-175562-7
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7253140
RD 2024/04/19
AB The  kidneys  are  particularly  vulnerable  to  certain  types  of  injury  for  a  number  of  reasons.  First,  they  are  dependent  upon  the  heart  and  vasculature  to  deliver  sufficient  blood  supply  to  drive  glomerular  filtration  (GFR).  Secondly,  they  are  major  excretory  organs,  exposed  to  numerous  endogenous  and  exogenous  substances  that  are  eliminated  from  the  body  via  the  urine.  Acute  kidney  injury  (AKI)  can  occur  due  to  a  variety  of  localized  or  systemic  disease  states,  toxicity  from  chemicals  or  medicinal  agents,  or  as  the  result  of  poor  perfusion  or  outlet  obstruction.  It  may  be  difficult  to  evaluate  and  diagnose  because  more  than  one  type  of  damage  may  occur  simultaneously,  or  one  type  of  damage  may  occur  secondary  to  another  type.  Although  the  incidence  of  AKI  is  greatest  in  hospitalized  patients,  it  may  also  occur  in  patients  residing  in  the  community.  Acute  kidney  injury  is  also  very  interesting  because,  in  many  cases,  if  the  cause  is  identified  and  stopped  promptly  there  may  not  be  any  permanent  damage  to  the  kidney.  More  severe,  prolonged,  or  untreated  injury  can  ultimately  lead  to  permanent  damage  and  even  complete  loss  of  kidney  function.