RT Book, Section
A1 Parkinson, Andrew
A1 Ogilvie, Brian W.
A1 Buckley, David B.
A1 Kazmi, Faraz
A1 Czerwinski, Maciej
A1 Parkinson, Oliver
A2 Klaassen, Curtis D.
A2 Watkins III, John B.
SR Print(0)
ID 1113949210
T1 Biotransformation of Xenobiotics
T2 Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, 3e
YR 2015
FD 2015
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071847087
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1113949210
RD 2024/04/19
AB Biotransformation  is  the  metabolic  conversion  of  endogenous  and  xenobiotic  chemicals  to  more  water-soluble  compounds.Xenobiotic  biotransformation  is  accomplished  by  a  limited  number  of  enzymes  with  broad  substrate  specificities.Phase  I  reactions  involve  hydrolysis,  reduction,  and  oxidation.  These  reactions  expose  or  introduce  a  functional  group  (—OH,  —NH2,  —SH,  or  —COOH),  and  usually  result  in  only  a  small  increase  in  hydrophilicity.Phase  II  biotransformation  reactions  include  glucuronidation,  sulfonation  (more  commonly  called  sulfation),  acetylation,  methylation,  and  conjugation  with  glutathione  (mercapturic  acid  synthesis),  which  usually  result  in  increased  hydrophilicity  and  elimination.