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Images demonstrate the typical echocardiographic findings in advanced chronic rheumatic heart disease. Both the anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets are markedly thickened. During diastole, the motion of the anterior mitral valve leaflet tip is restricted with doming of the body of the leaflet toward the interventricular septum. This appearance is commonly described as a “hockey stick” or an “elbow” deformity. A. Chronic rheumatic heart disease (parasternal long-axis view).