Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ TERMS TO LEARN ++ Table Graphic Jump LocationFavorite Table | Download (.pdf) | Print Antitussive Drug that relieves or prevents cough. Antihistamine Drug that counteracts histamine; can be divided into two groups: those that block H1 histamine receptors and those that block H2 receptors. Area Postrema A region of the brain located in the medulla at the base of the 4th ventricle; location of the chemoreceptive trigger zone where vomiting is triggered. Churg-Strauss Syndrome Vasculitis of the small arteries and veins; characterized by extravascular necrotizing granulomas; typically seen in patients with asthma or an allergy history. Decongestant Drug that reduces congestion or swelling. Expectorant Drug that promotes ejection of mucus or exudate from respiratory tract. ++ I. COLD MEDICATIONS ++ CLASSIFICATION OF COLD MEDICATIONS ++ Graphic Jump LocationView Full Size|Favorite Figure|Download Slide (.ppt) ++ COLD MEDICATIONS: DRUG FACTS ++ Table Graphic Jump LocationFavorite Table | Download (.pdf) | Print Drug Class Pharmacokinetics Mechanism of Action Drawbacks/Side Effects Systemic Decongestants Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed as well as numerous other OTC preparations) α adrenergic agonist A: PO E: Primarily excreted unchanged in urine α adrenergic stimulation in respiratory mucosa leads to vasoconstriction in the nasal mucosa causing decreased nasal congestion Hypertension Palpitations Restricted access secondary to use in the illicit manufacturing of amphetamines Phenylephrine (Sudafed PE as well as numerous OTC preparations) A: PO, topical, nasal M: Intestinal wall and hepatic E: Metabolites excreted in urine Hypertension Reflex bradycardia Decreased cardiac output Diphenhydramine (Benadryl as well as numerous OTC preparations) Antihistamine A: PO, IM, IV, topical M: Hepatic (P450) E: Parent drug and metabolites excreted in urine Blockade of histamine action of H1 receptors prevents stimulation of the sneeze reflex receptors Sedation Urinary retention Inhibits P450 enzymes Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton as well as numerous OTC preparations) A: PO M: Hepatic (P450) E: Metabolites excreted in urine Topical Decongestants Oxymetazoline (Afrin as well as numerous other OTC preparations) α adrenergic agonist A: Nasal E: Primarily excreted unchanged in urine α adrenergic stimulation in respiratory mucosa leads to vasoconstriction in the nasal mucosa causing decreased nasal congestion Use with caution in patients with cardiac disease, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, and diabetes Rebound nasal congestion following cessation of chronic use Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) A: PO, topical, nasal M: Intestinal wall and hepatic E: Metabolites excreted in urine Naphazoline (Privine) A: Nasal M: Unavailable E: Unavailable Expectorant Guaifenesin (Mucinex, Robitussin) Expectorant A: PO M: Hepatic E: Parent drug and metabolites excreted in urine Thought to act as GI irritant triggering increased respiratory secretions therefore creating thinner, more voluminous mucus Drowsiness Renal stone formation with consumption of large quantities Antitussive Codeine Centrally acting antitussive Opioid A: PO M: Hepatic (P450) E: Primarily excreted as metabolites in urine Suppression of cough by action of the μ receptors in the area postrema Nausea/vomiting Constipation Respiratory depression and death in pediatric patients in the setting of T&A Histamine ... GET ACCESS TO THIS RESOURCE Sign In Username Please enter User Name Password Please enter Password Forgot Username? Forgot Password? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth Get Free Access Through Your Institution Contact your institution's library to ask if they subscribe to McGraw-Hill Medical Products. What is MyAccess? Create a FREE MyAccess profile to: Use this site remotely Bookmark your favorite content Track your self-assessment progress and more! GET ACCESS TO THIS RESOURCE Subscription Options Pay Per View Timed Access to all of AccessPharmacy 24 Hour $34.95 (USD) Buy Now 48 Hour $54.95 (USD) Buy Now Best Value AccessPharmacy Full Site: One-Year Individual Subscription $595 USD Buy Now View All Subscription Options Pop-up div Successfully Displayed This div only appears when the trigger link is hovered over. Otherwise it is hidden from view. Please Wait