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This chapter will be most useful after having a basic understanding of the material in Chapter 53, Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Other β-Lactam Antibiotics in Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12th Edition. In addition to the material presented here, the 12th Edition contains:
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A detailed discussion of the mechanisms of action and resistance of the penicillins and cephalosporins
A detailed discussion of each of the penicillins and cephalosporins, including their pharmacokinetics and therapeutic uses in specific infections
Figure 53-3 which shows a comparison of the structure and composition of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cell walls
Table 53-1 which shows the chemical structures and major properties of the various penicillins
Table 53-2 which shows the chemical structures and dosage forms of selected cephalosporins and related compounds
Table 53-3 which shows the cephalosporin generations and the useful spectrum of each generation
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Understand the mechanisms of action of the penicillins, cephalosporins, and other β-lactam antibiotics.
Understand the mechanisms of resistance of the penicillins, cephalosporins, and other β-lactam antibiotics.
Describe the therapeutic effects of the penicillins, cephalosporins, and other β-lactam antibiotics.
Describe the untoward effects and contraindications of the penicillins, cephalosporins, and other β-lactam antibiotics.
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DRUGS INCLUDED IN THIS CHAPTER
Penicillins
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Methicillin
Oxacillin (BACTOCILL)
Nafcillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Carbenicillin
Ticarcillin
Mezlocillin
Piperacillin
Cephalosporins
Cephazolin (ANCEF, KEFZOL, others)
Cephalexin (KEFLEX, others)
Cefadroxil (DURACEF)
Cephradine (VELOCEF)
Cefuroxime (ZANACEF)
Cefuroxime axetil (CEFTIN)
Cefprozil (CEFZIL)
Cefmetazole (ZEFAZONE)
Loracarbef (LORABID)
Cefotaxime (CLAFORAN)
Ceftriaxone (ROCEPHIN)
Cefdinir (OMNICEF)
Cefditoren pivoxil (SPECTRACEF)
Ceftibuten (CEDAX)
Cefpodoxime proxetil (VANTIN)
Ceftizoxime (CEFIZOX)
Cefoperazone (CEFOBID)
Ceftazidime (FORTAZ, others)
Cefepime (MAXIPINE)
Other β-Lactam Antibiotics
Imipenem (PRIMAXIN)
Meropenem (MERREM)
Doripenem (DORIBAX)
Ertapenem (INVANZ)
Aztreonam (AZACTAM)
β-Lactamase Inhibitors
Clavulanic acid (AUGMENTUM, combination with amoxicillin; TIMENTIN, combination with ticarcillin)
Sulbactam (UNASYN, combination with ampicillin)
Tazobactam (ZOSYN, combination with piperacillin)
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