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Section 15: Infectious Diseases
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Choose the correct statement(s) regarding the white blood cell (WBC) count and differential
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A. WBC are usually elevated in response to infection
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B. The normal range of the WBC is 12,500-20,000 cells/mm3 (12.5-20.0 × 109/L)
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C. WBC is nonspecific and can be elevated in response to a number of noninfectious conditions
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D. Neutrophils are the most common type of WBC in the blood
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The inflammatory process initiated by infection can set up a complex host responses which include:
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A. Activation of the complement cascade
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B. An increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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C. Elevations of C-reactive protein
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D. Increased production of interleukins and tumor necrosis factor
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Which of the following circumstances would not be considered colonization with normal flora?
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A. S. epidermidis found on the skin
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B. S. aureus in the bloodstream
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D. Viridans streptococci found in the nasopharnx
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Choose the correct statement(s) regarding the Gram stain and use of cultures to identify potential pathogens
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A. The Gram stain may provide a presumptive diagnosis and identify whether the pathogen is Gram-positive or negative and a bacillus or cocci
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B. Cultures can provide definitive pathogen identification and differentiate organisms on the basis of biochemical characteristics
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C. Every effort should be made to avoid culture contamination
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D. Even with automated systems, detection of bacteria or fungi within a few hours is not yet possible
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Although widely employed, the use of hybridization probes is often limited by their lack of sensitivity.
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