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Instructors can request access to the Casebook Instructor's Guide on AccessPharmacy. Email User Services (userservices@mheducation.com) for more information.
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After completing this case study, the reader should be able to:
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Interpret clinical and biochemical findings in patients with CKD.
Recommend a patient-specific therapeutic plan for treating electrolyte abnormalities and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).
Monitor the effectiveness of the pharmacotherapeutic plan for treating electrolyte abnormalities in CKD.
Educate patients with CKD on nonprescription medications that can worsen electrolyte abnormalities in CKD.
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“I’m just don’t feel like myself.”
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Robert Wolfe is a 67-year-old man with type 2 DM, HTN, and stage 5 CKD. He receives hemodialysis three times a week with a high-flux hemodialysis membrane. His wife brought him into the ED this morning after she noticed increased confusion and lethargy, worsening over the past 2–3 days. According to his wife, the patient missed his HD session 2 days ago. She reports no other new symptoms except for increased pain in his feet from his neuropathy for which his PCP increased his gabapentin dose last week.
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Father with CAD; mother with DM and HTN
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Retired from a glass factory; on disability; past history of smoking, quit 3 years ago; (–) ETOH for the past 7 years
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Calcium acetate 667 mg, 2 PO TID
Gabapentin 300 mg PO BID (increased last week from 300 mg PO at bedtime)
Nephrocaps 1 PO daily
Sodium ferric gluconate 62.5 mg IV once weekly with HD
Metoprolol tartrate 25 mg PO BID
Amlodipine mg PO daily
Lipitor 10 mg PO daily
Glipizde XL 10 mg PO daily
Sitagliptin 25 mg PO daily
Epogen 6000 IU IV three times a week with HD
Calcijex 2 mcg IV three times a week with HD
Ensure® Original Vanilla nutritional supplement, one bottle (237 mL) PO TID
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Increased fatigue and confusion; reduced sensation in lower extremities
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Patient somnolent; does not appear to be in distress
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BP 168/82 mm Hg, P 82 bpm, RR 14, T 36.8°C; dry body Wt 68 kg, Ht 5′11″