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ALCOHOL ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
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AAFP 2010, USPSTF 2013, ICSI 2010
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AUDIT and CAGE questionnaires have not been validated in children or adolescents.
Reinforce not drinking and driving or riding with any driver under the influence.
Reinforce to women the harmful effects of alcohol on fetuses.
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ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
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AAFP 2016, AAP 2011, NICE 2018
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–Do not screen routinely
–Initiate an evaluation for ADHD for any child 4–18 y who presents with academic or behavioral problems and symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. Diagnosis requires that the child meets DSM-IV criteriaa and direct supporting evidence from parents or caregivers and classroom teacher.
–Evaluation of a child with ADHD should include assessment for coexisting disorders and alternative causes of the behavior.
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–AAFP. Clinical Recommendation: ADHD in Children and Adolescents. 2016.
–Pediatrics. 2011;128(5):1007.
–Pediatrics. 2000;105(5):1158.
–NICE. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management. 2018. nice.org.uk/guidance/ng87
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Stimulant prescription rates continue to rise. (Lancet. 2016.387(10024);1240-1250)
Current estimates are that 7.2% of children/adolescents meet criteria for ADHD. (Pediatrics. 2015;135(4):e994.)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a “black box” warning regarding the potential for cardiovascular side effects of ADHD stimulant drugs. (N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1445)
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