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Source: O’Connell MB, Borchet JS. Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2017. http://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1861§ionid=146068952. Accessed May 19, 2017.
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Genetics.
Diet.
Lifestyle.
Hormonal status.
Diseases.
Medications (Table 1)
Aging.
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Men and women begin to lose bone mass starting in third or fourth decade because of reduced bone formation.
Estrogen deficiency during menopause increases osteoclast activity, increasing bone resorption more than formation.
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