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Chapter 21: Introduction to CNS Pharmacology
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An increase of chloride conductance is the most important result of activation of
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(A) Acetylcholine M1 receptors
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(E) Glutamate NMDA receptors
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GABA is the most important inhibitory transmitter in the brain (glycine is also important in the spinal cord) and, via GABAA receptors, causes hyperpolarization mediated by increased chloride conductance. The answer is D.
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(A) Increase chloride conductance to cause hyperpolarization
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(B) Increase potassium conductance to cause inhibition
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(C) Increase sodium conductance to cause excitation
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(D) Inhibit calcium conductance to reduce transmitter release
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(E) Exert all of the above actions
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Activation of chloride or potassium ion channels commonly generates inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and hyperpolarization. Activation of sodium and calcium channels (and inhibition of potassium ion channels) generates excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). Inhibition of presynaptic calcium channels may reduce transmitter release. The answer is E.
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All of the listed neurotransmitters change membrane excitability by decreasing K+ conductance except
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A decrease in K+ conductance is associated with neuronal excitation. With the exception of dopamine, all of the neurotransmitters listed are able to cause excitation by this mechanism via activation of their specific receptors: acetylcholine (M1), glutamate (metabotropic), norepinephrine (α1 and β1), and serotonin (5-HT2A). The answer is B.
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Which of the following receptors shares the same potassium channel as the 5-HT1A receptor?
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(D) Muscarinic M1 receptor
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GABAB receptors and 5-HT1A receptors share the same potassium ion channel, with a G protein involved in the coupling mechanism. The spasmolytic drug baclofen is an activator of GABAB...