Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content +++ INTRODUCTION ++ Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Print High-Yield Terms Amino Acids pH Defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of any given solution pKa Represents a relationship between pH and the equilibrium constant (Ka) for the dissociation of weak acids and bases in a solution. The value of pKa is the negative logarithm of Ka Isoelectric point Defines the pH at which a molecule or substance carries no net electric charge Henderson-Hasselbalch equation Defines the relationship between pH and pKa for any dissociation reaction of a weak acid or base such that when the concentration of any conjugate base (A−) and its acid (HA) is equal, the pKa for that dissociation is equivalent to the pH of the solution Buffering Relates to the property that when the pH of a solution is close to the pKa of a weak acid or base, the addition of more acid or base will not result in appreciable change in the pH ++ Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Print High-Yield Terms Carbohydrates Carbohydrate Any organic molecule composed exclusively of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen where the hydrogen to oxygen ratio is usually 2:1; biological synonym is saccharide, commonly called sugar Saccharide Synonym for carbohydrate in biological systems; lay terminology is sugar Aldose A monosaccharide that contains only one aldehyde (–CH=O) group per molecule Ketose A monosaccharide that contains only one ketone (–C=O) group per molecule Glycosidic bond Any of the type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group ++ Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Print High-Yield Terms Lipids Essential fatty acid Fatty acid required in the diet due to the inability of human cells to synthesize Omega fatty acid Refers to the location of sites of unsaturation relative to the omega end (farthest from the carboxylic acid) of a fatty acid Monounsaturated fatty acid A fatty acid with a single site of unsaturation; oleic acid is the most common monounsaturated fatty acid Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) Any fatty acid with multiple sites of unsaturation; omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA are the most significant clinically Plasmalogen Any of a group of ether phospholipids Sphingosine An amino alcohol that serves as the backbone for the sphingolipid class of lipid which includes the sphingomyelins and the glycosphingolipids Ceramide Sphingosine containing a fatty N-acylation, serves as the backbone for the glycosphingolipids Glycosphingolipid Any ceramide to which a carbohydrate or carbohydrates have been added constitutes the cerebrosides, globosides, sulfatides, and gangliosides ++ Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|Print High-Yield Terms Nucleic Acids Nucleoside Refers to the complex of non-phosphorylate ribose sugar and a nucleobase such as purine or pyrimidine Nucleotide Refers to the complex of phosphorylated ribose sugar and a nucleobase such as purine or pyrimidine Phosphodiester bond The bond formed when the phosphate ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.