Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ □ Current on all childhood immunizations ++ ++ □ Current on all adult immunizations ++ *see http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/ for more information, footnotes and references ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++|PrintParameters Commonly Used to Evaluate Effectiveness and/or Safety of Drug TherapyParameterGoals of therapy (Normal values)Clinical useBlood pressureGoals of therapy include:systolic blood pressure of 110–140 mmHgdiastolic blood pressure of 75–85 mmHg<130/80 with diabetes or kidney diseaseUsed to evaluate effectiveness and safety of antihypertensive drug therapies such as diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptors blockers, aldosterone antagonists, calcium blockers.Total CholesterolGoal of therapy<200 mg/dl(SI <5.17 mmol/L)Represents all of the different kinds of cholesterol in the blood and includes high-density lipids (HDL), low-density lipids (LDL), and triglycerides (TG).LDL Low-density lipoproteinGoal of therapy varies depending on other risk factors including cigarette smoking, hypertension, HDL<40mg/dl, family history of CHD and male >45 or female>55. without other risk factors <160 mg/dl (SI <4.1 mmol/L)with 2 risk factors <130 mg/dl (SI <3.4 mmol/L)with CHD and ≥2 risk factors <100 mg/dl (SI <2.6 mmol/L)Used to evaluate the effectiveness of lipid lowering drug therapies including atorvastatin (Lipitor®),fluvastatin (Lescol®),lovastatin (Mevacor®),pravastatin (Pravachol®),simvastatin (Zocor®)nicotinic acid (Niacin®)gemfibrozil (Lopid®),clofibrate (Atromid-S®)colestipol (Colestid®),cholestyramine (Questran®)HDL High-density lipoproteinGoals of therapy>40 mg/dl(SI >1.04 mmol/L)HDL removes excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and is considered “good” cholesterol. Elevated HDL levels are associated with decreased risk for coronary heart disease.Triglycerides<160 mg/dl<1.8 mmol/LElevated triglycerides considered an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease.GlucoseGoal of therapy includes:preprandial blood glucose of 80–120 mg/dLbedtime blood glucose of 100–140 mg/dLFasting plasma glucose of >126 mg/dL on two occasions is consistent with the diagnosis of diabetes mellitusUsed to evaluate drug therapy to manage hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus including insulin (Humulin®) (Novolin®), glipizide (Glutcotrol®), glyburide (Diabeta®) (Mircronase®), pioglitazone (Actos®), rosiglitazone (Avandia®)HbA1c Hemoglobin A1cGoal of therapy<7% some <8%Normal range 4–6%Used to evaluate the effectiveness of glucose control in patients with diabetes. Reflects the blood glucose control over the past 2 to 3 months.TSH Thyroid Stimulating HormoneGoals of therapy include the reduction of TSH levels to the normal range of 0.3–5 μU/ml (SI 0.3–5 mU/L)Used to evaluate the effectiveness of thyroid replacement therapy to manage hypothyroidism. levothyroxine (Synthroid®). Elevated TSH levels are indicative of hypothyroidism.INRInternational Normalized RatioGoal of therapy varies with the indication.INR 2.0–3.0 for atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Download the Access App: iOS | Android Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.