TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Adrenal Gland Disorders A1 - Hwang, Andrew Y. A1 - Smith, Steven M. A1 - Gums, John G. A2 - DiPiro, Joseph T. A2 - Talbert, Robert L. A2 - Yee, Gary C. A2 - Matzke, Gary R. A2 - Wells, Barbara G. A2 - Posey, L. Michael PY - 2017 T2 - Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 10e AB - Content UpdateDecember 5, 2019Istradefylline: an Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonist to Treat Off Episodes in Parkinson Disease: Istradefylline (Nourianz) is the first adenosine A2A receptor antagonist approved in the U.S. to treat off episodes in Parkinson disease. Adenosine A2A receptors are located in GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric acid) neurons within the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia system. Blocking of A2A receptors (ie, inhibition of the indirect pathway) can result in prolongation of dopaminergic action. In randomized, placebo-controlled trials, istradefylline resulted in statistically significant reductions in daily off time. The most common adverse reaction to istradefylline is dyskinesia followed by dizziness, nausea, hallucinations, and insomnia. The recommended dosage is 20 mg orally once daily with or without food. The dosage may be increased to a maximum of 40 mg once daily. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1168070951 ER -