TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Breast Cancer A1 - Sylvester, Robert K. A1 - LaPorte, Kyle J. A1 - Narveson, Lisa A2 - Sutton, S. Scott PY - 2019 T2 - McGraw-Hill's NAPLEX® Review Guide, 3e AB - Mutations of genes controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis are the primary causes of neoplastic diseases and specific gene mutations (BRCA1, BRCA2, p53, PTEN) have been identified in breast cancer. Women with mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 have a four- to five-fold increased risk for the development of breast cancer (approximate lifetime risk increases from 12% to 45%-65%). In addition, family history, prolonged exposure to estrogen (early menarche, nulliparity, late first pregnancy, late menopause), and age over 40 have been established as risk factors for breast cancer. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158314054 ER -