TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Bone and Joint Infections A1 - Bergman, Scott J. A1 - Armstrong, Edward P. A2 - DiPiro, Joseph T. A2 - Yee, Gary C. A2 - Posey, L. Michael A2 - Haines, Stuart T. A2 - Nolin, Thomas D. A2 - Ellingrod, Vicki PY - 2020 T2 - Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 11e AB - KEY CONCEPTSThe most common cause of osteomyelitis (particularly that acquired by hematogenous spread) and infectious arthritis is Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).Culture and susceptibility information are essential as a guide for antimicrobial treatment of osteomyelitis and infectious arthritis.Joint aspiration and examination of synovial fluid are extremely important to evaluate the possibility of infectious arthritis.The most important treatment modality of acute osteomyelitis is the administration of appropriate antibiotics in adequate doses for a sufficient length of time.Antibiotics generally are given in high doses so that adequate antimicrobial concentrations are reached within the infected bone and joints.Oral antimicrobial therapies can be used for osteomyelitis to follow a parenteral regimen in children who have a good clinical response to IV antibiotics and in adults without diabetes mellitus or peripheral vascular disease when the organism is susceptible to the oral antimicrobial, a suitable oral agent is available, and adherence is ensured.The standard duration of antimicrobial treatment for acute osteomyelitis is 4 to 6 weeks.The three most important therapeutic approaches to the management of infectious arthritis are appropriate antibiotics, joint drainage, and joint rest.Monitoring of antibiotic therapy is important and typically involves noting clinical signs of inflammation, periodic white blood cell (WBC) counts, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) determinations. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182469472 ER -