TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Bipolar Disorders A1 - Park, Susie H. A2 - Sutton, S. Scott PY - 2020 T2 - McGraw Hill’s NAPLEX® Review Guide, 4e AB - Bipolar disorder is a recurrent psychiatric illness characterized by recurring episodes of mania and depression. Individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder display extreme shifts in mood, energy level, thinking, and activities of daily living. Patients require lifelong treatment to control symptoms. The cause of bipolar disorder is unknown; however, evidence exists that indicates a chemical imbalance with neurotransmitters is involved. Excess norepinephrine and dopamine may be present in mania, whereas a deficiency of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine may be present in depression. Medications used to manage the symptoms of bipolar disorder alter the transmission of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and aspartate. Additionally, family studies provide evidence for a genetic association of developing bipolar disorder. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1179735894 ER -