TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Antipsychotics A1 - Juurlink, David A2 - Hoffman, Robert S. A2 - Howland, Mary Ann A2 - Lewin, Neal A. A2 - Nelson, Lewis S. A2 - Goldfrank, Lewis R. PY - 2015 T2 - Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 10e AB - The development of antipsychotic drugs changed the practice of psychiatry. Prior to the introduction of chlorpromazine in 1950, patients with schizophrenia were treated with nonspecific sedatives such as barbiturates and chloral hydrate. Highly agitated patients were housed in large mental institutions and often placed in physical restraints, and thousands underwent surgical disruption of the connections between the frontal cortices and other areas of the brain (leucotomy). By 1955, approximately 500,000 patients with psychotic disorders were hospitalized in the United States. The advent of antipsychotics in the 1950s revolutionized the care of these patients. These drugs, originally termed major tranquilizers and subsequently neuroleptics, dramatically reduced the characteristic hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, and paranoia—the “positive” symptoms of schizophrenia. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1108431829 ER -