TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chromatin: DNA Structure and Replication A1 - King, Michael W. Y1 - 2014 N1 - T2 - Integrative Medical Biochemistry Examination and Board Review AB - High-Yield TermsPhosphodiester bond: chemical bond between the 5'-phosphate of one base and the 3'-hydroxyl of an adjacent base in a nucleic acidWatson-Crick base-pair: refers to the normal hydrogen bonding that occurs in a duplex of DNA, or an RNA-DNA duplex, where A bonds to T and G bonds to CAnnealing: with respect to nucleic acids this refers to DNA or RNA pairing by hydrogen bonds to a complementary sequence, forming a double-stranded polynucleotideNucleosome: a structure formed by DNA and protein interaction that consisting of an octamer protein structure composed of 2 subunits each of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4Chromatin: the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus of a cellHeterochromatin: densely packed region of a chromosome often found near the centromeres, is generally transcriptionally silentEuchromatin: loosely packed regions of a chromosome where active gene transcription can occurTelomere: a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromatidCyclin: any of a number of proteins whose levels fluctuate during the eukaryotic cell cycle; these proteins regulate the activity of a family of kinases involved in controlling passage through the cell cycleProof-reading: in the process of DNA replication this refers to the 3′ → 5′ exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase, which allows it to remove an incorrectly incorporated nucleotide, recognized by non–Watson-Crick base-pairingOkazaki fragment: short stretches of newly synthesized DNA representing the lagging strandTopoisomerase: enzymes that cleave the DNA strand, thereby relieving torsional stresses incurred during the process of DNA replicaitonEpigenetics: defines the mechanism by which changes in the pattern of inherited gene expression occur in the absence of alterations or changes in the nucleotide composition of a given geneImprinting: refers to the fact that the expression of some genes depends on whether or not they are inherited maternally or paternallyTrinucleotide repeat: sequences of 3 nucleotides repeated in tandem on the same chromosome a number of times, abnormal expansion of the repeat is associated with the genesis of disease SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1122104701 ER -