TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Cardiovascular Testing A1 - Lange, Richard A. A2 - DiPiro, Joseph T. A2 - Talbert, Robert L. A2 - Yee, Gary C. A2 - Matzke, Gary R. A2 - Wells, Barbara G. A2 - Posey, L. Michael Y1 - 2017 N1 - T2 - Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 10e AB - KEY CONCEPTS A careful history and physical examination are extremely important in diagnosing cardiovascular disease; they should be performed before any testing. Elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP) is an important sign of heart failure and may be used to assess its severity and the response to therapy. Heart sounds and heart murmurs are important in identifying heart valve abnormalities and other structural cardiac defects. Electrocardiography is useful for determining rhythm disturbances (tachy- or bradyarrhythmias). Exercise stress testing provides important information concerning the presence and severity of coronary artery disease; changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and the electrocardiogram (ECG) are used to assess the response to exercise. Echocardiography is used to assess valve structure and function as well as ventricular wall motion; transesophageal echocardiography is more sensitive than transthoracic echocardiography for detecting thrombus and vegetations. Radionuclides, such as technetium-99m and thallium-201, are used to assess myocardial ischemia and myocardial viability in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. When patients cannot exercise, pharmacologic stress testing is used to assess the likelihood of coronary artery disease. Cardiac catheterization and angiography are used to assess coronary anatomy and ventricular performance. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1145219300 ER -