TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Tuberculosis
A1  - Wells, Barbara G.
A1  - DiPiro, Joseph T.
A1  - Schwinghammer, Terry L.
A1  - DiPiro, Cecily V.
Y1  - 2017
N1  - 
T2  - Pharmacotherapy Quick Guide
AB  - Tuberculosis  (TB)  is  a  communicable  infectious  disease  caused  by  Mycobacterium  tuberculosis.  It  can  produce  silent,  latent  infection,  as  well  as  progressive,  active  disease.  Globally,  2  billion  people  are  infected  and  roughly  1.5  million  people  die  from  TB  each  year.M.  tuberculosis  is  transmitted  from  person  to  person  by  coughing  or  other  activities  that  cause  the  organism  to  be  aerosolized.  Close  contacts  of  TB  patients  are  most  likely  to  become  infected.Human  immunodeficiency  virus  (HIV)  is  the  most  important  risk  factor  for  progressing  to  active  TB,  especially  among  people  25  to  44  years  of  age.  An  HIV-infected  individual  with  TB  infection  is  over  100-fold  more  likely  to  develop  active  disease  than  an  HIV-seronegative  patient.Approximately  90%  of  patients  who  experience  primary  disease  have  no  further  clinical  manifestations  other  than  a  positive  skin  test  either  alone  or  in  combination  with  radiographic  evidence  of  stable  granulomas.  Tissue  necrosis  and  calcification  of  the  originally  infected  site  and  regional  lymph  nodes  may  occur,  resulting  in  the  formation  of  a  radiodense  area  referred  to  as  a  Ghon  complex.All  clinical  specimens  suspected  of  containing  mycobacteria  should  be  cultured.Approximately  5%  of  patients  (usually  children,  the  elderly,  or  the  immunocompromised)  experience  progressive  primary  disease  at  the  site  of  the  primary  infection  (usually  the  lower  lobes)  and  frequently  by  dissemination,  leading  to  meningitis  and  often  to  involvement  of  the  upper  lobes  of  the  lung  as  well.Approximately  10%  of  patients  develop  reactivation  disease,  which  arises  subsequent  to  the  hematogenous  spread  of  the  organism.  In  the  United  States,  most  cases  of  TB  are  believed  to  result  from  reactivation.Occasionally,  a  massive  inoculum  of  organisms  may  be  introduced  into  the  bloodstream,  causing  widely  disseminated  disease  and  granuloma  formation  known  as  miliary  TB.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1144735405
ER  -