TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Antipsychotic Agents & Lithium A1 - Katzung, Bertram G. A1 - Kruidering-Hall, Marieke A1 - Trevor, Anthony J. Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - Katzung & Trevor's Pharmacology: Examination & Board Review, 12e AB - The antipsychotic drugs are used in schizophrenia and are also effective in the treatment of other psychoses and agitated states. The efficacy of these drugs has led to several hypotheses linking specific transmitter disorders to the etiology of schizophrenia. Older (first generation) drugs have high affinity for dopamine D2 receptors, thus an early hypothesis postulated a disorder of dopamine transmission as a primary factor. Newer (second generation) antipsychotic drugs (also called atypical antipsychotic drugs) have greater affinity for serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, suggesting that disorders involving this transmitter are pathogenic. Glutamate has also been implicated in some studies.Although schizophrenia is not cured by drug therapy, the symptoms, including thought disorder, emotional withdrawal, and hallucinations or delusions, may be ameliorated by antipsychotic drugs. Unfortunately, protracted therapy (years) is often needed and can result in severe toxicity in some patients. Bipolar disorder (formerly called manic-depressive disorder) may be related to schizoaffective disorder on a continuum. In bipolar affective disorder, although lithium has been the mainstay of treatment for many years, the use of newer antipsychotic agents and of several antiseizure drugs is increasing. Other indications include Tourette syndrome and some forms of agitated dementia. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1156529098 ER -