TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Prostate Cancer A1 - Norris, LeAnn B. A2 - Sutton, S. Scott Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - McGraw-Hill's NAPLEX® Review Guide, 3e AB - Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Most prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, and occur when normal semen-secreting cells mutate into cancer cells and grow uncontrollably. Normal growth and differentiation of the prostate depends on the presence of androgens, specifically dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Hormonal regulation of androgen synthesis is mediated by a negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal glands, and testes. Luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LH-RH) released from the hypothalamus stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland. LH stimulates the production of testosterone and small amounts of estrogen. FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the testes to promote the maturation of LH receptors and to produce an androgen-binding protein. Circulating testosterone and estradiol influence the synthesis of the hormones involved in the negative feedback. Testosterone, the major androgenic hormone, accounts for 95% of the androgen concentration. The primary source of testosterone is the testes; however, 3% to 5% of the testosterone concentration is derived from direct adrenal cortical secretion of testosterone or steroids such as androstenedione. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2023/02/08 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158313908 ER -