TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Critical Care: Pain, Agitation, and Delirium A1 - Fraser, Gilles L. A1 - Riker, Richard R. A2 - DiPiro, Joseph T. A2 - Yee, Gary C. A2 - Posey, L. Michael A2 - Haines, Stuart T. A2 - Nolin, Thomas D. A2 - Ellingrod, Vicki Y1 - 2020 N1 - T2 - Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 11e AB - KEY CONCEPTS The primary goal of pain, agitation, and delirium (PAD) management is to provide patient comfort and safety with secondary goals to prevent immediate and long-term adverse physical and psychological outcomes. PAD are interrelated and can confound efforts to provide intensive care including mobility, sleep, participation in care and in shared patient/caregiver decisions about appropriate levels of care. It is important to systematically evaluate PAD with validated tools for timely identification and correction of inciting clinical issues. Preventative measures and nonpharmacologic strategies for PAD management should be initiated as early as possible. A multifaceted, multidisciplinary approach to PAD management impacts care and clinical outcomes. Pain is an important cause of agitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) and should be assessed and treated before administration of sedatives. No proven pharmacologic strategies limit the severity and duration of ICU delirium. Sedative choice (dexmedetomidine or propofol) and depth of sedation may have an important impact on patient assessments and outcomes. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182428582 ER -