TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Pediatrics: Oral Nutrition and Rehydration of Infants and Children A1 - Chessman, Katherine H. A2 - DiPiro, Joseph T. A2 - Yee, Gary C. A2 - Posey, L. Michael A2 - Haines, Stuart T. A2 - Nolin, Thomas D. A2 - Ellingrod, Vicki Y1 - 2020 N1 - T2 - Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 11e AB - KEY CONCEPTS Human milk is the preferred source of nutrition for almost all neonates and infants, including those born prematurely. An infant formula is a nutritionally complete substitute if human milk is not available. All infant formulas sold in the United States are required to meet FDA standards. Cow milk–based formulas are used by most US non-breastfeeding infants. Formulas for premature infants are designed to supply nutrients needed to promote growth and body composition changes that mimic those of a normal fetus at the same gestational age. Some infants will require formulas with altered macronutrients, such as extensively hydrolyzed protein (semi-elemental) formulas, due to cow milk and soy protein sensitivities or other conditions. Two nutrients of significant importance in infant nutrition are iron and vitamin D. Enteral products are available for children who need supplemental nutrition beyond a regular toddler diet in most of the infant formula categories discussed and used for similar indications. Expressed human milk and infant formulas must be handled and stored properly. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a mainstay of treatment for mild-to-moderate dehydration; severe dehydration requires intravenous rehydration. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182427280 ER -