TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Evaluation of Kidney Function
A1  - Dowling, Thomas C.
A2  - DiPiro, Joseph T.
A2  - Yee, Gary C.
A2  - Posey, L. Michael
A2  - Haines, Stuart T.
A2  - Nolin, Thomas D.
A2  - Ellingrod, Vicki
Y1  - 2020
N1  - 
T2  - Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 11e
AB  - KEY  CONCEPTS  The  stage  of  chronic  kidney  disease  (CKD)  should  be  determined  for  all  individuals  based  on  the  level  of  kidney  function,  independent  of  etiology,  in  accordance  with  the  Kidney  Disease:  Improving  Global  Outcomes  (KDIGO)  classification  system.  Persistent  proteinuria  indicates  the  presence  of  CKD  and  is  associated  with  mortality  and  risk  of  end-stage  renal  disease  (ESRD).  Assessment  of  urine  protein  excretion,  including  measurement  of  a  spot  urine  albumin-to-creatinine  ratio,  is  critical  for  determining  the  severity  of  CKD  and  monitoring  the  rate  of  disease  progression.  The  glomerular  filtration  rate  (GFR)  is  the  single  best  indicator  of  kidney  function.  Measurement  of  the  GFR  is  most  accurate  when  performed  following  the  exogenous  administration  of  iohexol,  iothalamate,  or  radioisotopes  such  as  technetium-99m  diethylenetriamine  pentaacetic  acid  (99mTc-DTPA).  Equations  to  estimate  creatinine  clearance  (CLcr)  or  GFR  are  commonly  used  in  ambulatory  and  inpatient  settings,  and  incorporate  patient  laboratory  and  demographic  variables  such  as  serum  creatinine  concentration  (Scr),  cystatin  C,  age,  sex,  weight,  and  ethnicity.  Longitudinal  assessment  of  GFR  and  albuminuria  is  important  for  monitoring  the  efficacy  of  therapeutic  interventions,  such  as  angiotensin-converting  enzyme  inhibitors  and  angiotensin  receptor  blockers,  which  are  used  to  slow  or  halt  the  progression  of  kidney  disease.  Assessments  of  kidney  structure  and  function,  such  as  radiography,  computed  tomography,  magnetic  resonance  imaging,  sonography,  and  biopsy,  are  predominantly  used  for  determining  the  diagnosis  of  a  given  condition.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/24
UR  - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182440159
ER  -