TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chronic Kidney Disease A1 - Schwinghammer, Terry L. A1 - DiPiro, Joseph T. A1 - Ellingrod, Vicki L. A1 - DiPiro, Cecily V. Y1 - 2021 N1 - T2 - Pharmacotherapy Handbook, 11e AB - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities in kidney structure or function, present for 3 months or longer.CKD is classified by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines for evaluation and management of CKD. The KDIGO classification system is referred to as CGA staging (cause, GFR, albuminuria).A patient is classified with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) when their GFR is below 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 (0.14 mL/sec/m2) and either chronic dialysis or kidney transplantation is needed to sustain life. KDIGO classification will be used in this chapter; the term CKD 5D indicates a patient with ESRD requiring dialysis as either hemodialysis (CKD 5HD) or peritoneal dialysis (CKD 5PD).Prognosis of CKD depends on cause of kidney disease, GFR at time of diagnosis, degree of albuminuria measured by uACR, and presence of other comorbid conditions. Please refer to Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 11th ed., Chapter 61, Figure 61-1: KDIGO GFR and albuminuria categories and prognosis of CKD by category. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1178898885 ER -