TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Drug-Induced Ophthalmic Disorders A1 - Schwinghammer, Terry L. A1 - DiPiro, Joseph T. A1 - Ellingrod, Vicki L. A1 - DiPiro, Cecily V. Y1 - 2021 N1 - T2 - Pharmacotherapy Handbook, 11e AB - Table Graphic Jump LocationTABLE A9-1Common Drug-Induced Ophthalmic Disorders, Causative Agents, and Treatment RecommendationsView Table||Download (.pdf)TABLE A9-1Common Drug-Induced Ophthalmic Disorders, Causative Agents, and Treatment RecommendationsReactionsCausative AgentsTreatment RecommendationsCataractsAlkylating agents (busulfan)Antiestrogens (tamoxifen)CorticosteroidsStatinsSurgical removal of cataractDry eyeAlpha-1 antagonists (alfuzosin, tamsulosin, terazosin)Alpha-2 agonists (apraclonidine, brimonidine)Anticholinergics (atropine, homatropine, hyoscine, ipratropium, tolterodine)Anticonvulsants (valproic acid)Antihistamines (cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine)Antimalarials (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine)Antineoplastics (busulfan, cyclophosphamide)Antipsychotics (thioridazine)Anxiolytics (lorazepam)Beta agonists (acebutolol)Beta blockers (atenolol, propranolol)Benzalkonium chlorideBisphosphonatesCannabinoids (dronabinol)Systemic decongestants (pseudoephedrine)Diuretics (furosemide, indapamide, metolazone)Oral contraceptivesRetinoids (isotretinoin)Topical decongestants (naphazoline)Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline)Nonpharmacologic therapy: (1) warm compresses, (2) increase fluid intake, (3) use humidifierIncrease tear volume: (1) consider artificial tears or other topical lubricants, (2) punctal occlusionDecrease inflammation: (1) 0.05% cyclosporine ophthalmic drugs, (2) LFA-1 antagonist ophthalmic drops, (3) short-term ophthalmic glucocorticoidsMedication changes: (1) discontinue medication, (2) use preservative-free ophthalmic dropsFloppy iris syndromeAlpha-1 antagonistsBenzodiazepinesChlorpromazineDonepezilDuloxetineFinasterideQuetiapinePreoperative screening for previous and/or current use of causative agentsConsider cataract surgery before initiation of alpha-1 antagonist therapyIntracameral alpha-adrenergic agonists (epinephrine, phenylephrine)Intraoperative devices: (1) iris retractors, (2) OVDs, (3) pupil expandersOptic neuropathyAmiodaroneEthambutolLinezolidPDE-5 inhibitors (avanafil, sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil)Discontinuation of causative drug as medically appropriateRegular ophthalmic examinationsRetinopathyAminoquinolines (hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine)Antiestrogens (tamoxifen)Phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, thioridazine)Retinoids (isotretinoin)Monitor via regular ophthalmic examinations, patient-reported signs and symptomsVision loss is irreversibleLFA-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1; OVDs, ophthalmic viscosurgical devices; PDE-5, phosphodiesterase 5. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1178899314 ER -