TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Evaluation of Psychiatric Illness A1 - Schneiderhan, Mark E. A1 - Nelson, Leigh Anne A1 - Bishop, Jeffrey R. A1 - Bauer, Steven A2 - DiPiro, Joseph T. A2 - Yee, Gary C. A2 - Haines, Stuart T. A2 - Nolin, Thomas D. A2 - Ellingrod, Vicki L. A2 - Posey, L. Michael Y1 - 2023 N1 - T2 - DiPiro’s Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 12th Edition AB - KEY CONCEPTS Patients with psychiatric conditions are treated in all healthcare settings. All clinicians should apply the basic principles of the psychiatric assessment to provide the best care. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and the Pocket Guide to the DSM-5 Diagnostic Exam provides clinicians with a standardized approach for the initial assessment and follow-up of patients with psychiatric conditions. The World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) classification is currently used in all patient care settings for billing purposes. Clinicians should be prepared to gather both psychiatric and physical health histories from their patients. Obtaining a release of information (ROI) from patients to communicate with other healthcare providers or significant others is often necessary when sharing protected health information (PHI). Patient interviews should be conducted in an atmosphere that ensures the comfort and privacy of both the patient and the clinician. Effective listening skills and the application of open-ended questions are essential in the interview process and for building a therapeutic relationship. Motivational interviewing can empower patients to participate and help design achievable treatment goals. If a patient is in crisis, the clinician may feel some apprehension about asking certain assessment questions. Knowing what specific questions to ask can help facilitate inquiry about sensitive areas, such as delusional thinking and suicidality. Current and past medication histories, including allergies, adverse effects, and clinical response are cornerstones of effective medication management. The medication history should be assessed for safety (eg, contraindications and medication interactions), tolerability (eg, adverse effects), efficacy (eg, response of target symptoms and adequate dosage and duration), and adherence (eg, affordability and the ability to take medications as prescribed). Baseline mental status examination (MSE), psychiatric rating scales, and psychological/neuropsychological tests are useful tools in diagnosing and monitoring the severity of symptoms and response to treatments of psychiatric disorders. Although there are no diagnostic tests for psychiatric disorders, physical and laboratory assessments can help rule out substances, medications, or medical conditions that may produce similar or overlapping symptoms. Psychiatric rating scales, cognitive testing, and psychological testing provide objective measures of psychiatric symptoms, adverse effects, memory, and intellectual capacity and are often used in research and clinical settings. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1201553496 ER -