TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 10. Anemia A1 - Sutton, S. Scott A1 - Norris, LeAnn B. A2 - Sutton, S. Scott Y1 - 2011 N1 - T2 - McGraw-Hill's NAPLEX® Review Guide AB - Anemia is a decline in the concentration of hemoglobin resulting in a reduction of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.1 The prevalence of anemia varies based upon age, gender, race/ethnicity, and comorbid conditions (Table 10-1).2-7 Patients with anemia may be asymptomatic initially, but the lack of oxygen eventually results in fatigue, lethargy, shortness of breath, headache, edema, and tachycardia. Complications of anemia arise when the hemoglobin concentration is below 7 to 7.9 g/dL (70-79 g/L or 4.34-4.9 mmol/L). Anemia complications include cardiovascular sequelae and hypoxia. Common causes of anemia include blood loss, decreased production of red blood cells (RBCs), increased destruction of RBCs, or a combination of these factors. Comorbid conditions increase the risk of anemia, particularly in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Factors leading to hypo-productive anemia are: nutritional (such as iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid), cancer, and CKD. Patients with immune-related diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus) can develop anemia as a complication of their disease. Anemia related to these chronic inflammatory conditions is termed anemia of chronic disease. Management of the anemia is determined by the underlying cause. Drug therapy is a key component to decreased production and will be the focus of this chapter. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7250710 ER -