TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Sleep Apnea A1 - Wellman, Andrew A1 - Redline, Susan A2 - Jameson, J. Larry A2 - Fauci, Anthony S. A2 - Kasper, Dennis L. A2 - Hauser, Stephen L. A2 - Longo, Dan L. A2 - Loscalzo, Joseph PY - 2018 T2 - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e AB - Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and central sleep apnea (CSA) are both classified as sleep-related breathing disorders. OSAHS and CSA share some risk factors and physiological bases but also have unique features. Each disorder is associated with impaired ventilation during sleep and disruption of sleep, and each diagnosis requires careful elicitation of the patient’s history, physical examination, and physiological testing. OSAHS, the more common disorder, causes daytime sleepiness, impairs daily function, and is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease in adults and to behavioral problems in children. CSA is less common and may occur in combination with obstructive sleep apnea, as a primary condition, or secondary to a medical condition (such as heart failure) or medication. Patients with CSA often report frequent awakenings and daytime fatigue and are at increased risk for heart failure and atrial fibrillation. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1155976588 ER -