TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Hypertension A1 - Kerr, Jessica L. A2 - Sutton, S. Scott PY - 2019 T2 - McGraw-Hill's NAPLEX® Review Guide, 3e AB - Hypertension is defined as persistently elevated arterial blood pressure (BP). BP is the mathematical product of peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and cardiac output (CO) and hypertension is the result of increased PVR or CO. Aberrations in the normal function of neurohormonal systems, such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and disturbances in sodium, calcium, and natriuretic hormones, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of hypertension (Table 3-1). Hypertension is usually multifactorial; consequently, multiple antihypertensive drugs are often necessary to control BP. Cardiovascular risk reduction can occur with lower BP. A reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) as small as 2 mm Hg reduces the risk of death from ischemic heart disease or other vascular causes by 7% and from stroke by 10%. The majority of patients with hypertension have essential hypertension because their BP is elevated for unknown reasons. Secondary hypertension accounts for less than 10% of patients (Table 3-2). SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1158313337 ER -