TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Magnesium A1 - Smith, Silas W. A2 - Nelson, Lewis S. A2 - Howland, Mary Ann A2 - Lewin, Neal A. A2 - Smith, Silas W. A2 - Goldfrank, Lewis R. A2 - Hoffman, Robert S. PY - 2019 T2 - Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11e AB - Although magnesium is a divalent cation like other metals, we will refer to it as magnesium in this text. It is an essential cofactor in more than 350 enzyme reactions in cardiac, neurologic, neuromuscular, and endocrine processes, as well as in basic energy, structural, nucleic acid, and signal transduction pathways.107,136 Hypomagnesemia results in nausea, vomiting, weakness, muscle spasms, neurologic and muscular excitation (tremor, hyperreflexia, and tetany), and cardiac dysrhythmias. Hypermagnesemia produces cardiovascular effects, including conduction disturbances, hypotension, and cardiac arrest; respiratory depression; gastrointestinal (GI) complaints of nausea, vomiting, and thirst; and neuromuscular sequelae, including weakness, paralysis, and central nervous system (CNS) depression.4,77,131 Magnesium as chloride, citrate, hydroxide, oxide or sulfate is used to repair xenobiotic-associated hypomagnesemia and as an adjunctive treatment for cardiovascular toxins, fluoride toxicity, pesticide poisoning, and alcohol use disorders. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1163002454 ER -