TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Bipolar Disorder
A1  - Reus, Victor I.
A2  - Jameson, J. Larry
A2  - Fauci, Anthony S.
A2  - Kasper, Dennis L.
A2  - Hauser, Stephen L.
A2  - Longo, Dan L.
A2  - Loscalzo, Joseph
PY  - 2018
T2  - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e
AB  - Bipolar  disorder  is  characterized  by  unpredictable  swings  in  mood  from  mania  (or  hypomania)  to  depression.  Some  patients  suffer  only  from  recurrent  attacks  of  mania,  which  in  its  pure  form  is  associated  with  increased  psychomotor  activity;  excessive  social  extroversion;  decreased  need  for  sleep;  impulsivity  and  impaired  judgment;  and  expansive,  grandiose,  and  sometimes  irritable  mood  (Table  444-8).  In  severe  mania,  patients  may  experience  delusions  and  paranoid  thinking  indistinguishable  from  schizophrenia.  One-half  of  patients  with  bipolar  disorder  present  with  a  mixture  of  psychomotor  agitation  and  activation  with  dysphoria,  anxiety,  and  irritability.  It  may  be  difficult  to  distinguish  mixed  mania  from  agitated  depression.  In  some  bipolar  patients  (bipolar  II  disorder),  the  full  criteria  for  mania  are  lacking,  and  the  requisite  recurrent  depressions  are  separated  by  periods  of  mild  activation  and  increased  energy  (hypomania).  In  cyclothymic  disorder,  there  are  numerous  hypomanic  periods,  usually  of  relatively  short  duration,  alternating  with  clusters  of  depressive  symptoms  that  fail,  either  in  severity  or  duration,  to  meet  the  criteria  of  major  depression.  The  mood  fluctuations  are  chronic  and  should  be  present  for  at  least  2  years  before  the  diagnosis  is  made.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1177607795
ER  -