TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chemical Carcinogenesis A1 - Klaunig, James E. A1 - Wang, Zemin A2 - Klaassen, Curtis D. A2 - Watkins, John B. PY - 2021 T2 - Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, 4e AB - KEY POINTSThe term cancer describes a subset of neoplastic lesions.A neoplasm is defined as a heritably altered, relatively autonomous growth of tissue with abnormal regulation of gene expression.Metastases are secondary growths of cells from the primary neoplasm.A carcinogen is an agent whose administration to previously untreated animals leads to a statistically significant increased incidence of neoplasms of one or more histogenetic types as compared with the incidence in appropriate untreated animals.Initiation requires one or more rounds of cell division for the “fixation” of the DNA damage.Promotion results from the selective functional enhancement of the initiated cell and its progeny by the continuous exposure to the promoting agent.Progression is the transition from early progeny of initiated cells to the biologically malignant cell population of the neoplasm. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1178013792 ER -