TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Anticoagulation/Venous Thromboembolism
A1  - Sassenrath, Kimberly
A1  - Phillips, Beth Bryles
A2  - Sutton, S. Scott
PY  - 2020
T2  - McGraw Hill’s NAPLEX® Review Guide, 4e
AB  - Venous  thromboembolism  (VTE)  is  a  common  and  serious  disorder  characterized  by  pathologic  blood  clot  formation  that  includes  deep  vein  thrombosis  (DVT)  and  pulmonary  embolism  (PE).  The  balance  between  hemostasis  (normal  cessation  of  bleeding)  and  thrombosis  is  a  sensitive  process  influenced  by  genetics,  concomitant  medical  conditions,  and  other  risk  factors.  Three  primary  determinants  of  thromboembolism  include  venous  stasis  (eg,  immobility  or  paralysis),  vascular  wall  injury  (eg,  surgery  or  trauma),  and  hypercoagulability  (eg,  thrombophilia,  cancer,  pregnancy,  genetics).  Classic  symptoms  of  a  DVT  include  unilateral  pain,  swelling,  erythema,  and  tenderness  usually  of  the  lower  extremity;  although  some  patients  may  be  symptom-free.  Compression  ultrasound  is  typically  used  to  diagnose  a  DVT.  The  symptoms  of  a  PE  are  nonspecific  and  may  include  chest  pain,  shortness  of  breath,  tachypnea,  dyspnea,  and  hemoptysis.  Most  PEs  originate  from  a  DVT.  The  diagnosis  of  a  PE  is  made  by  the  presence  of  symptoms  in  conjunction  with  findings  on  computed  tomography  (CT)  or  a  ventilation-perfusion  (V/Q)  scan.  Medical  work-up  of  patients  presenting  with  VTE  include  determination  of  risk  factors  for  VTE.  Certain  risk  factors  are  reversible  (eg,  estrogen  use,  recent  orthopedic  surgery,  smoking,  prolonged  immobility)  and  may  be  eliminated  over  time.  The  presence  of  irreversible  or  continuing  risk  factors  (eg,  cancer,  thrombophilia,  previous  history  of  VTE)  requires  longer  or  an  extended  duration  of  therapy.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1179733116
ER  -