TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Drugs Used in Asthma & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease A1 - Katzung, Bertram G. A1 - Kruidering-Hall, Marieke A1 - Tuan, Rupa Lalchandani A1 - Vanderah, Todd W. A1 - Trevor, Anthony J. PY - 2021 T2 - Katzung & Trevor's Pharmacology: Examination & Board Review, 13e AB - Asthma is a common disease characterized by airway inflammation and episodic, reversible bronchospasm with severe shortness of breath. Subsets of clinical asthma may reflect different pathogenic factors and different responsiveness to currently available therapies. Drugs useful in classic allergic asthma include bronchodilators (smooth muscle relaxants) and anti-inflammatory drugs. Bronchodilators include sympathomimetics, especially β2-selective agonists, muscarinic antagonists, methylxanthines, and leukotriene receptor blockers. Anti-inflammatory drugs used in asthma include corticosteroids, mast cell stabilizers, and anti-IgE antibodies. Leukotriene antagonists play a dual role. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is less reversible than in asthma and usually follows a progressive course. However, many of the drugs used in asthma are also effective in COPD.Table Graphic Jump Location|Download (.pdf)|PrintHigh-Yield Terms to LearnBronchial hyperreactivityPathologic increase in the bronchoconstrictor response to antigens and irritants; caused by bronchial inflammationIgE-mediated diseaseDisease caused by excessive or misdirected immune response mediated by IgE antibodies. Example: asthmaMast cell degranulationExocytosis of granules (vesicles) from mast cells with release of mediators of inflammation and bronchoconstrictionPhosphodiesterase (PDE)Family of enzymes that degrade cyclic nucleotides to nucleotides, for example, second messenger cAMP (active) converted to AMP (inactive) or cGMP to GMPTachyphylaxisRapid loss of responsiveness to a stimulus (eg, a bronchodilator drug) SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1180556157 ER -