RT Book, Section
A1 Lange, Richard A.
A2 DiPiro, Joseph T.
A2 Talbert, Robert L.
A2 Yee, Gary C.
A2 Matzke, Gary R.
A2 Wells, Barbara G.
A2 Posey, L. Michael
SR Print(0)
ID 1145219300
T1 Cardiovascular Testing
T2 Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 10e
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259587481
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1145219300
RD 2024/04/24
AB KEY  CONCEPTS  A  careful  history  and  physical  examination  are  extremely  important  in  diagnosing  cardiovascular  disease;  they  should  be  performed  before  any  testing.  Elevated  jugular  venous  pressure  (JVP)  is  an  important  sign  of  heart  failure  and  may  be  used  to  assess  its  severity  and  the  response  to  therapy.  Heart  sounds  and  heart  murmurs  are  important  in  identifying  heart  valve  abnormalities  and  other  structural  cardiac  defects.  Electrocardiography  is  useful  for  determining  rhythm  disturbances  (tachy-  or  bradyarrhythmias).  Exercise  stress  testing  provides  important  information  concerning  the  presence  and  severity  of  coronary  artery  disease;  changes  in  heart  rate,  blood  pressure,  and  the  electrocardiogram  (ECG)  are  used  to  assess  the  response  to  exercise.  Echocardiography  is  used  to  assess  valve  structure  and  function  as  well  as  ventricular  wall  motion;  transesophageal  echocardiography  is  more  sensitive  than  transthoracic  echocardiography  for  detecting  thrombus  and  vegetations.  Radionuclides,  such  as  technetium-99m  and  thallium-201,  are  used  to  assess  myocardial  ischemia  and  myocardial  viability  in  patients  with  suspected  coronary  artery  disease.  When  patients  cannot  exercise,  pharmacologic  stress  testing  is  used  to  assess  the  likelihood  of  coronary  artery  disease.  Cardiac  catheterization  and  angiography  are  used  to  assess  coronary  anatomy  and  ventricular  performance.