RT Book, Section
A1 Wells, Barbara G.
A1 DiPiro, Joseph T.
A1 Schwinghammer, Terry L.
A1 DiPiro, Cecily V.
SR Print(0)
ID 1144733256
T1 Drug Allergy
T2 Pharmacotherapy Quick Guide
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259586439
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1144733256
RD 2024/04/24
AB Table  Graphic  Jump  Location|Download  (.pdf)|PrintTABLE  A1–1:  Classification  of  Allergic  Drug  ReactionsTypeDescriptorCharacteristicsTypical  OnsetDrug  CausesIImmediate  (IgE  mediated)Allergen  binds  to  IgE  on  basophils  or  mast  cells,  resulting  in  release  of  inflammatory  mediatorsWithin  1  hour  (may  be  within  1–6  hours)Penicillin  anaphylaxis,  angioedemaBlood  productsPolypeptide  hormonesVaccinesDextranIIDelayed;  CytotoxicCell  destruction  occurs  because  of  cell-associated  antigen  that  initiates  cytolysis  by  antigen-specific  antibody  (IgG)  and  complement.  Most  often  involves  blood  elements.Typically  >72  hours  to  weeksPenicillin,  quinidine,  quinine,  heparin,  thiouracils,  sulfonamides,  methyldopaIIIDelayed;  Immune  complexAntigen–antibody  (IgG  or  IgM)  complexes  form  and  deposit  on  blood  vessel  walls  and  activate  complement.  Result  is  a  serum  sickness-like  syndrome  or  vasculitis.>72  hours  to  weeksMay  be  caused  by  penicillins,  sulfonamides,  minocycline,  hydantoinsIVDelayed;  T  Cell-mediatedAntigens  cause  activation  of  T  lymphocytes,  which  release  cytokines  and  recruit  effector  cells>72  hoursIVaTh1  cells  and  interferon-γ,  monocytes  and  eosinophils  respond  to  the  antigen1–21  daysTuberculin  reaction,  contact  dermatitisIVbTh2  cells,  interleukin-4  and  interleukin-5  respond  to  the  antigen1–6  weeksMaculopapular  rashes  with  eosinophiliaIVcCytotoxic  T  cells,  perforin,  granzyme  B,  FasL  respond  to  the  antigen4–28  daysBullous  exanthems;  fixed  drug  eruptionsIVdT  cells  and  interleukin-8  respond  to  the  antigen>72  hoursAcute  generalized  exanthematous  pustulosis