RT Book, Section A1 Wells, Barbara G. A1 DiPiro, Joseph T. A1 Schwinghammer, Terry L. A1 DiPiro, Cecily V. SR Print(0) ID 1144736591 T1 Acute Kidney Injury T2 Pharmacotherapy Quick Guide YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259586439 LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1144736591 RD 2024/03/28 AB Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome generally defined by an abrupt reduction in kidney functions as evidenced by changes in serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine output.RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of Kidney Function, and End-Stage Renal Disease), AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network), and the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guidelines are three criteria-based classification systems developed to define and stage AKI in different patient populations (Table 73–1).All three staging systems have been validated across different patient populations and their staging correlates closely with hospital mortality, cost, and length of stay.Scr and urine output are the main diagnostic criteria for each staging system.