RT Book, Section
A1 Hong, David
A1 Boyce, Joshua A.
A2 Jameson, J. Larry
A2 Fauci, Anthony S.
A2 Kasper, Dennis L.
A2 Hauser, Stephen L.
A2 Longo, Dan L.
A2 Loscalzo, Joseph
SR Print(0)
ID 1155952388
T1 Anaphylaxis
T2 Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e
YR 2018
FD 2018
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259644016
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1155952388
RD 2020/07/07
AB Anaphylaxis  is  a  potentially  life-threatening  systemic  allergic  reaction  involving  one  or  more  organ  systems  that  typically  occurs  within  seconds  to  minutes  of  exposure  to  the  anaphylactic  trigger,  most  often  a  drug,  food,  or  hymenoptera  sting.  Other  triggers  of  anaphylaxis  include  radiocontrast  administration  or  latex  exposure.  The  term  “anaphylaxis”  was  first  described  in  1902  by  Charles  Richet  and  Paul  Portier  who  attempted  to  immunize  dogs  against  sea  anemone  toxin  in  the  same  way  Pasteur  was  able  to  vaccinate  individuals  against  the  smallpox  virus.  To  their  surprise,  repeated  administration  of  small,  sub-lethal  doses  of  sea  anemone  toxin  reliably  induced  acute-onset  death  when  re-administered  2–3  weeks  after  initial  “vaccination”  to  the  toxin.  The  phenomenon  was  termed  ana  (anti)-phylaxis  (“protection  or  guarding”)  because  vaccination  with  anemone  toxin  resulted  in  the  opposite  intended  immune  effect.  Charles  Richet  was  awarded  the  Nobel  Prize  in  Physiology  or  Medicine  in  1913  for  this  work  which  led  to  further  insights  into  hypersensitivity  and  mast  cell  biology.