RT Book, Section
A1 Botham, Kathleen M.
A1 Mayes, Peter A.
A2 Rodwell, Victor W.
A2 Bender, David A.
A2 Botham, Kathleen M.
A2 Kennelly, Peter J.
A2 Weil, P. Anthony
SR Print(0)
ID 1160189659
T1 The Respiratory Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation
T2 Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 31e
YR 2018
FD 2018
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259837937
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160189659
RD 2024/04/25
AB OBJECTIVESAfter  studying  this  chapter,  you  should  be  able  to:Describe  the  double  membrane  structure  of  mitochondria  and  indicate  the  location  of  various  enzymes.Appreciate  that  energy  from  the  oxidation  of  fuel  substrates  (fats,  carbohydrates,  amino  acids)  is  almost  all  generated  in  mitochondria  via  a  process  termed  electron  transport  in  which  electrons  pass  through  a  series  of  complexes  (the  respiratory  chain)  until  they  are  finally  reacted  with  oxygen  to  form  water.Describe  the  four  protein  complexes  involved  in  the  transfer  of  electrons  through  the  respiratory  chain  and  explain  the  roles  of  flavoproteins,  iron-sulfur  proteins,  and  coenzyme  Q.Explain  how  coenzyme  Q  accepts  electrons  from  NADH  via  Complex  I  and  from  FADH2  via  Complex  II.Indicate  how  electrons  are  passed  from  reduced  coenzyme  Q  to  cytochrome  c  via  Complex  III  in  the  Q  cycle.Explain  the  process  by  which  reduced  cytochrome  c  is  oxidized  and  oxygen  is  reduced  to  water  via  Complex  IV.Describe  how  electron  transport  generates  a  proton  gradient  across  the  inner  mitochondrial  membrane,  leading  to  the  buildup  of  a  proton  motive  force  that  generates  ATP  by  the  process  of  oxidative  phosphorylation.Describe  the  structure  of  the  ATP  synthase  enzyme  and  explain  how  it  works  as  a  rotary  motor  to  produce  ATP  from  ADP  and  Pi.Explain  that  oxidation  of  reducing  equivalents  via  the  respiratory  chain  and  oxidative  phosphorylation  are  tightly  coupled  in  most  circumstances,  so  that  one  cannot  proceed  unless  the  other  is  functioning.Indicate  examples  of  common  poisons  that  block  respiration  or  oxidative  phosphorylation  and  identify  their  site  of  action.Explain,  with  examples,  how  uncouplers  may  act  as  poisons  by  dissociating  oxidation  via  the  respiratory  chain  from  oxidative  phosphorylation,  but  may  also  have  a  physiologic  role  in  generating  body  heat.Explain  the  role  of  exchange  transporters  present  in  the  inner  mitochondrial  membrane  in  allowing  ions  and  metabolites  to  pass  through  while  preserving  electrochemical  and  osmotic  equilibrium.