RT Book, Section A1 Barrett, Kim E. A1 Barman, Susan M. A1 Brooks, Heddwen L. A1 Yuan, Jason X.-J. SR Print(0) ID 1159052137 T1 Hearing & Equilibrium T2 Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 26e YR 2019 FD 2019 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781260122404 LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1159052137 RD 2024/03/28 AB OBJECTIVESAfter studying this chapter, you should be able to:Describe the components and functions of the external, middle, and inner ear.Explain the roles of the tympanic membrane, the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), and scala vestibule in sound transmission.Describe the way that movements of molecules in the air are converted into impulses generated in hair cells in the cochlea.Explain how pitch, loudness, and timbre are coded in the auditory pathways.Describe the components of the auditory pathway from the cochlear hair cells to the cerebral cortex.Compare the causes of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss and the tests used to distinguish between them.Define the following terms: tinnitus, presbycusis, and syndromic and nonsyndromic deafness.Explain how cochlear implants and hearing aids function.Explain how the receptors in the semicircular canals detect rotational acceleration and how the receptors in the saccule and utricle detect linear acceleration.List the major sensory inputs that provide the information that is synthesized in the brain into the sense of position in space.Describe the neural mechanisms for vestibular nystagmus and how nystagmus can be used as a diagnostic indicator of the integrity of the vestibular system.Describe the cause and clinical signs of the following vestibular disturbances: vertigo, Ménière disease, and motion sickness.