RT Book, Section
A1 Sztajnkrycer, Matthew D.
A2 Nelson, Lewis S.
A2 Howland, Mary Ann
A2 Lewin, Neal A.
A2 Smith, Silas W.
A2 Goldfrank, Lewis R.
A2 Hoffman, Robert S.
SR Print(0)
ID 1163013831
T1 Local Anesthetics
T2 Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259859618
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1163013831
RD 2024/04/20
AB Local  anesthetics  block  excitation  of  and  transmission  along  a  nerve  axon  in  a  predictable  and  reversible  manner.  In  contrast  to  the  nonselective  effects  of  a  general  anesthetic,  the  anesthesia  produced  is  selective  to  the  chosen  body  part.  Because  local  anesthetics  do  not  require  the  circulation  as  an  intermediate  carrier  and  usually  are  not  transported  to  distant  organs,  their  actions  are  largely  confined  to  the  structures  with  which  they  come  into  direct  contact.  Local  anesthetics  are  used  to  provide  analgesia  in  various  parts  of  the  body  by  topical  application,  injection  in  the  vicinity  of  peripheral  nerve  endings  and  major  nerve  trunks,  or  via  instillation  within  the  ophthalmic,  epidural  or  subarachnoid  spaces.  The  various  local  anesthetics  differ  with  regard  to  their  potency,  duration  of  action,  and  degree  of  effects  on  sensory  and  motor  nerve  fibers.  Toxicity  is  either  local  or  systemic.  With  systemic  toxicity,  central  nervous  system  (CNS)  and  cardiovascular  effects  are  of  greatest  concern.