RT Book, Section
A1 Schwinghammer, Terry L.
A1 DiPiro, Joseph T.
A1 Ellingrod, Vicki L.
A1 DiPiro, Cecily V.
SR Print(0)
ID 1178899272
T1 Drug Allergy
T2 Pharmacotherapy Handbook, 11e
YR 2021
FD 2021
PB McGraw Hill
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260116694
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1178899272
RD 2024/04/23
AB Table  Graphic  Jump  LocationTABLE  A4-1Classification  of  Allergic  Drug  ReactionsView  Table||Download  (.pdf)TABLE  A4-1Classification  of  Allergic  Drug  ReactionsTypeDescriptorCharacteristicsTypical  OnsetDrug  CausesIImmediate  (IgE  mediated)Allergen  binds  to  IgE  on  basophils  or  mast  cells,  resulting  in  release  of  inflammatory  mediatorsWithin  1  hour  (may  be  within  1–6  hours)Penicillin  anaphylaxis,  angioedemaBlood  productsPolypeptide  hormonesVaccinesDextranIIDelayed;  cytotoxicCell  destruction  occurs  because  of  cell-associated  antigen  that  initiates  cytolysis  by  antigen-specific  antibody  (IgG)  and  complement.  Most  often  involves  blood  elementsTypically  >72  hours  to  weeksPenicillin,  quinidine,  quinine,  heparin,  thiouracils,  sulfonamides,  methyldopaIIIDelayed;  immune  complexAntigen–antibody  (IgG  or  IgM)  complexes  form  and  deposit  on  blood  vessel  walls  and  activate  complement.  Result  is  a  serum  sickness-like  syndrome  or  vasculitis>72  hours  to  weeksPenicillins,  sulfonamides,  minocycline,  hydantoinsIVDelayed;  T  cell–mediatedAntigens  cause  activation  of  T  lymphocytes,  which  release  cytokines  and  recruit  effector  cells>72  hoursIVaTh1  cells,  interferon-γ,  monocytes,  and  eosinophils  respond  to  the  antigen1–21  daysTuberculin  reaction,  contact  dermatitisIVbTh2  cells,  interleukin-4,  and  interleukin-5  respond  to  the  antigen1–6  weeksMaculopapular  rashes  with  eosinophiliaIVcCytotoxic  T  cells,  perforin,  granzyme  B,  FasL  respond  to  the  antigen4–28  daysBullous  exanthems;  fixed  drug  eruptionsIVdT  cells  and  interleukin-8  respond  to  the  antigen>72  hoursAcute  generalized  exanthematous  pustulosis