RT Book, Section
A1 Sylvester, Robert K.
A1 Narveson, Lisa
A2 Sutton, S. Scott
SR Print(0)
ID 1179733677
T1 Breast Cancer
T2 McGraw Hill’s NAPLEX® Review Guide, 4e
YR 2020
FD 2020
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781264258062
LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1179733677
RD 2024/04/18
AB Mutations  of  genes  controlling  cell  proliferation  and  apoptosis  are  the  primary  cause  of  neoplastic  disease  and  specific  gene  mutations  (BRCA1,  BRCA2,  p53,  PTEN)  have  been  identified  in  breast  cancer.  Women  with  mutations  in  the  tumor  suppressor  genes  BRCA1  and  BRCA2  have  a  four-  to  fivefold  increased  risk  for  the  development  of  breast  cancer  (approximate  lifetime  risk  increases  from  12%  to  45%-65%).  In  addition,  family  history,  prolonged  exposure  to  estrogen  (early  menarche,  nulliparity,  late  first  pregnancy,  late  menopause)  and  age  over  40  have  been  established  as  risk  factors  for  breast  cancer.