RT Book, Section A1 Cook, Kristen A2 Sutton, S. Scott SR Print(0) ID 1179734401 T1 Tuberculosis T2 McGraw Hill’s NAPLEX® Review Guide, 4e YR 2020 FD 2020 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781264258062 LK accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1179734401 RD 2024/03/28 AB Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by the acid-fast bacillus (AFB) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Transmission of TB is person to person through inhalation of droplet nuclei in the air. The majority of patients infected with M. tuberculosis develops latent TB infection and do not develop active, symptomatic, disease. Approximately 10% of patients develop active disease if not treated with isoniazid. Risk of active disease is highest in the first 2 years after infection. HIV infection is a significant risk factor for progression to active disease. T lymphocytes, especially CD4+ cells, are important in mounting an immune response to TB. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma are cytokines that are involved in the body’s immune response to TB as well.